PMDD vs. PMS: How to Tell the Difference (Especially for Teens)

Mar 24

If you (or your teen) feel moody, crampy, or just off before your period, it might be PMS—a common part of the menstrual cycle. But if those symptoms are so intense they interfere with everyday life, it could be something more serious: PMDD, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Though PMS and PMDD sound similar, understanding the difference can be life-changing—especially for teen girls just learning how their cycles affect their bodies and minds.

What Is PMS?

PMS (premenstrual syndrome) includes the emotional and physical symptoms that show up in the days leading up to your period. Most people with periods experience it to some degree, and symptoms usually go away once bleeding starts.

Common PMS Symptoms:

Mood swings
Bloating
Cramps
Breast tenderness
Food cravings
Mild anxiety or irritability
Fatigue

PMS can be frustrating, but it usually doesn’t stop you from doing everyday things.

What Is PMDD?

PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) is a much more intense and disruptive condition. It involves severe mood and physical symptoms that start about 1–2 weeks before your period and improve once your period begins.

Common PMDD Symptoms:

Intense mood swings, anger, or irritability
Depression or feelings of hopelessness
Panic attacks or anxiety
Trouble sleeping (too much or too little)
Extreme fatigue or low energy
Brain fog or difficulty concentrating
Physical pain (headaches, joint pain, cramps)

PMDD often disrupts school, work, relationships, and mental health.

How Is PMDD Diagnosed?

There’s no single test for PMDD. Diagnosis is based on tracking symptoms across multiple cycles to see if emotional and physical changes appear before your period and disappear once it starts.

A doctor or adolescent health provider can guide you through this process, and keeping a written log of symptoms can really help.

What Can Help with PMDD?

Managing PMDD usually involves a mix of lifestyle support and medical care. Here are some common options:

1. Lifestyle Changes

Regular exercise
Nutritious, balanced meals
Limiting sugar, caffeine, and alcohol
Mindfulness, journaling, or therapy to manage stress

2. Medication

SSRIs (antidepressants): Help manage mood swings and depression
Birth control pills: Regulate hormone levels
Pain relief: For cramps, body aches, and headaches

3. Emotional Support

Talking with a provider
Working with a therapist
Connecting with others going through the same thing

When to Talk to a Provider

If your (or your teen’s) pre-period symptoms are interfering with school, relationships, or mental health, don’t ignore it. You don’t have to “tough it out.”

Dahlia Health offers expert care for hormonal and mental health—tailored to teens. Our team understands the difference between PMS and PMDD and can help you figure out what’s going on and how to feel better.

You’re Not Alone

Whether it’s mood swings that feel bigger than normal or physical symptoms that knock you out each month, you deserve support. Understanding your body and getting the right help can make all the difference.

Taylor Rose